Foreign residents in Japan face a dual healthcare concern this winter as health authorities confirm the arrival of a new influenza variant while the government prepares significant changes to insurance coverage for common medications. According to NHK reports published November 24, 2025, the National Institute of Health Crisis Management has confirmed that a new variant of H3-type influenza, which has been spreading overseas, has now been detected in Japan. This development comes as the country enters its traditional flu season, raising concerns among healthcare professionals about potential widespread transmission. The H3 variant represents a mutation of the common influenza A virus, and while specific details about its severity remain under investigation, health authorities are closely monitoring its spread. For expats living in Japan, this underscores the importance of staying current with influenza vaccinations, which are widely available at clinics and hospitals throughout the country, typically costing between 3,000 to 5,000 yen for those without specific coverage. Particularly concerning for foreign families with children is the risk of abnormal behavior associated with influenza infections. NHK reported that children with high fevers from influenza may exhibit dangerous behavioral changes. These abnormal behaviors can include sudden attempts to leave the house, jumping from heights, or running into traffic—actions that occur while the child is in a confused or delirious state. Healthcare experts emphasize that parents and caregivers should maintain constant supervision of children with influenza, especially during the first two days of fever when abnormal behaviors are most likely to occur. Practical precautions include securing windows and doors, avoiding leaving children alone even briefly, and ensuring ground-floor sleeping arrangements when possible. These recommendations apply regardless of whether antiviral medications have been administered, as abnormal behaviors can occur with or without treatment. Simultaneously, expats enrolled in Japan's National Health Insurance system should prepare for potential changes to medication coverage. According to NHK's November 23 report, the government and ruling party plan to reach a conclusion by year-end regarding insurance coverage for "OTC-similar drugs"—prescription medications with similar ingredients and effects to over-the-counter products. The proposed reforms would affect medications for common conditions including asthma, allergies, and gastrointestinal issues. Currently, these medications receive insurance coverage, meaning patients typically pay 30% of the cost. Under the proposed changes, patients might need to pay the full price for these medications or face higher out-of-pocket expenses. The government's primary concern centers on balancing healthcare costs with patient burden, particularly for individuals with chronic conditions who require regular medication. For foreign residents, especially those managing ongoing health conditions, these changes could significantly impact monthly healthcare expenses. Experts suggest that the final decision will likely include considerations for patients with chronic illnesses, potentially creating exemptions or graduated implementation. However, those currently using prescription medications for minor ailments should consider discussing alternatives with their doctors and reviewing their household healthcare budgets. For expats navigating Japan's healthcare system, these developments highlight the importance of maintaining comprehensive health insurance coverage and staying informed about policy changes. Most city and ward offices provide information about National Health Insurance in multiple languages, and many hospitals now offer interpretation services. As winter approaches, foreign residents should prioritize preventive measures: getting vaccinated against influenza, maintaining good hygiene practices, and understanding their insurance coverage. Those with children should familiarize themselves with emergency procedures and ensure they know how to contact medical services, including the #7119 emergency medical consultation number available in major cities. These concurrent developments in disease surveillance and insurance policy reflect Japan's evolving healthcare landscape, requiring expats to stay proactive about both preventive health measures and understanding their coverage options.